说明
本文使用Nginx搭建视频点播服务。也是最简单的一种配置方式。使用在hub.docker.com中的rtmp-hls最新的镜像搭建。
所要达到的目标也非常简单： 将mp4文件通过rtmp协议进行在线播放。
参考地址
https://hub.docker.com/r/alqutami/rtmp-hls
https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module
使用到的镜像为：当前时间(2020-05-08)
github地址：https://github.com/TareqAlqutami/rtmp-hls-server
镜像获取
拉取docker镜像的命令如下:
docker pull alqutami/rtmp-hls:latest
获取配置
查看镜像配置信息
sudo docker run -d --name rtmp -p 1935:1935 -p 8080:8080 -v /etc/nginx/rtmp.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf alqutami/rtmp-hls
nginx配置的示例: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TareqAlqutami/rtmp-hls-server/master/conf/nginx.conf
查看统计信息: http://<server ip>:<server port>/stats.
以下是我的配置nginx.conf示例：
worker_processes auto;
#error_log logs/error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# RTMP configuration
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935; # Listen on standard RTMP port
chunk_size 4000;
# ping 30s;
# notify_method get;
application vod {
play /storage/vod;
}
# This application is to accept incoming stream
application live {
live on; # Allows live input
# for each received stream, transcode for adaptive streaming
# This single ffmpeg command takes the input and transforms
# the source into 4 different streams with different bitrates
# and qualities. # these settings respect the aspect ratio.
exec_push /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg -i rtmp://localhost:1935/$app/$name -async 1 -vsync -1
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac -b:v 256k -b:a 64k -vf "scale=480:trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -tune zerolatency -preset superfast -crf 23 -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/show/$name_low
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac -b:v 768k -b:a 128k -vf "scale=720:trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -tune zerolatency -preset superfast -crf 23 -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/show/$name_mid
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac -b:v 1024k -b:a 128k -vf "scale=960:trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -tune zerolatency -preset superfast -crf 23 -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/show/$name_high
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac -b:v 1920k -b:a 128k -vf "scale=1280:trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -tune zerolatency -preset superfast -crf 23 -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/show/$name_hd720
-c copy -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/show/$name_src;
drop_idle_publisher 10s;
}
# This is the HLS application
application show {
live on; # Allows live input from above application
deny play all; # disable consuming the stream from nginx as rtmp
hls on; # Enable HTTP Live Streaming
hls_fragment 3;
hls_playlist_length 20;
hls_path /mnt/hls/; # hls fragments path
# Instruct clients to adjust resolution according to bandwidth
hls_variant _src BANDWIDTH=4096000; # Source bitrate, source resolution
hls_variant _hd720 BANDWIDTH=2048000; # High bitrate, HD 720p resolution
hls_variant _high BANDWIDTH=1152000; # High bitrate, higher-than-SD resolution
hls_variant _mid BANDWIDTH=448000; # Medium bitrate, SD resolution
hls_variant _low BANDWIDTH=288000; # Low bitrate, sub-SD resolution
# MPEG-DASH
dash on;
dash_path /mnt/dash/; # dash fragments path
dash_fragment 3;
dash_playlist_length 20;
}
}
}
http {
sendfile off;
tcp_nopush on;
directio 512;
# aio on;
# HTTP server required to serve the player and HLS fragments
server {
listen 8080;
# Serve HLS fragments
location /hls {
types {
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
video/mp2t ts;
}
root /storage/vod;
add_header Cache-Control no-cache; # Disable cache
# CORS setup
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Content-Length';
# allow CORS preflight requests
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000;
add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain charset=UTF-8';
add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
return 204;
}
}
# Serve DASH fragments
location /dash {
types {
application/dash+xml mpd;
video/mp4 mp4;
}
root /mnt;
add_header Cache-Control no-cache; # Disable cache
# CORS setup
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Content-Length';
# Allow CORS preflight requests
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000;
add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain charset=UTF-8';
add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
return 204;
}
}
# This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
location /stat {
rtmp_stat all;
rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl; # Use stat.xsl stylesheet
}
location /stat.xsl {
# XML stylesheet to view RTMP stats.
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
}
}
}
如何映射一个文件夹：
sudo docker run -d --name rtmp -p 1935:1935 -p 8080:8080 -v /etc/nginx/rtmp.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /storage:/storage alqutami/rtmp-hls
我们把abc.mp4放在/storage/vod/abc.mp4下，播放地址就是：
rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/vod/abc.mp4
http://127.0.0.1:8080/vod/abc.mp4
如果是网页版上播放点播视频，现在很多浏览器已移除了flash（rtmp）的支持
HLS流媒体协议
HLS（HTTP Live Streaming）自适应码率流媒体传输协议，来自Apple公司，该协议基于Http协议，HLS诞生之初旨在能够从iPhone中删除flash，如今已成为使用最广泛的协议。HLS的优缺点也比较明显。
HLS的优点：
Html5能够直接支持HLS，有浏览器就能播放，不需要安装额外的app，不用考虑防火墙或者代理问题；HLS也支持最新的H.265编解码器，H.265编码的质量要比H.264高很多。
HLS的缺点：
因为HLS基本是采用了点播切片的方式实现的直播，在直播上相对于其它协议有较高的延迟（5~8秒延迟）。
除了HLS协议之外，相关的协议还有RTP/RTCP、RTSP、RTMP、MSS、DASH、HDS、WEBRTC、RIST、SRT等……它们都有各自的优缺点。
HLS的原理：
首先将一个完整音视频分成多个ts格式音视频文件切片，并生成m3u8索引文件，用户下载m3u8索引文件，通过m3u8文件中每段ts切片的索引地址来播放具体的ts切片，在m3u8中可以指定播放相关的参数。
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